Bottle breaking device



" July 21, 1936. 4

J. M. YOUNG 2,048,478

BOTTLE BREAKING DEVICE Filed Sept. 26, 1954 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR a2 ATTORNEY Patented July 21, 1936 PATENT OFFICE BOTTLE BREAKING DEVICE John M. Young, Brooklyn, N. Y., Rebecca. R. Young, Brooklyn,

assignor to N. Y.

Application September 26, 1934, Serial No. 745,586

7 Claims.

The present invention relates to a bottle breaking device and has particular reference to a simple, manually operated bottle crusher in the use of which a breaking action is applied in a concentrated zone on the bottle so that it is rendered unfit for use but is notbroken to that extent where it would present a hazard in subsequent handling during its discard.

At the present time bottles after being emptied of the legitimate liquor that they contained have come into the hands of unscrupulous persons, bootleggers, who have reused them for spurious and imitation liquors passing them off as the genuine product in accordance with the label designation or other insignia on the bottle, thus deceiving the public and depriving both State and Federal Governments of revenue. This practice has been accentuated since the repeal of the Federal Prohibition Law, that is, the Eighteenth Amendment to the Constitution.

An awakened public becoming aware of such practices has found it desirable to break the bottles to prevent their reuse, but it is both difficult and dangerous for the average person to break a bottle owing to the hazard of flying glass and the hazard of the subsequent handling of the broken parts of the bottle.

An object of the present invention is the provision of a bottle breaking device which breaks out only a small section from that part of a bottle which is used directly in the sealing of its enclosed contents, in other words the cork part or cap part of the neck of the bottle, so that it cannot be used again, its sealing zones having been destroyed. The breaking out of this section is so controlled and so concentrated that danger of flying glass is obviated and yet the bottle. after breaking may be handled-without cutting hazard.

A further object is the provision of a bottle breaking device with a support for the bottle neck and a breaking element so arranged and so operated as to confine the lines of breaking strains to a single, relatively small place of application at the rim on the neck by means of which only the desired minimum area is afiected.

Another object of the invention is the provision of such a device wherein concentration and application of a limited force of impact is brought to bear on the bottle being broken.

Still another object is the provision of a bottle breaking device of the character described wherein a confined and accumulating pressure or breaking force is applied on the neck of the bottle at a single zone of rupture.

Yet another object is the provision of a collecting element associated with the bottle crusher which receives and retains the broken glass pieces resulting from the breaking action.

. Numerous other objects and advantages of the 5 invention will be apparent as it is better understood from the following description, which, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, discloses a preferred embodiment thereof.

Referring to the drawings:

Figures 1 and 2 illustrate a preferred embodiment of the present invention and show an impact type of bottle crusher, Fig. 1 being a perspective view of the bottle crushing device particularly showing the side of the device that is 1 applied to the bottle to be broken, while Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the same showing it on the bottle with its parts in the position assumed at the conclusion of the breaking action.

Fig. 3 is a perspective view of a modified form 20 of the invention illustrating a pressure applying type of bottle crusher;

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary side elevation of the upper or neck end of a bottle which has been subjected to the action of the bottle crusher and showing the restricted nature of the part broken out;

Fig. 5 is another modified form of bottle crushing device being an adaptation ofthe impact type illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 and being further provided with bottle retaining and collecting features;

Fig. 6 is a side elevation partially in section of still a difierent form of bottle breaking device of the pressure type, the position of the bottle neck to be broken being shown in dot-and-dash lines; and

Fig. 'l is a fragmentary sectional view taken substantially along the line 1-1 in Fig. 6 showing the bottle neck wall engaged for crushing.

In the disclosure of the bottle crusher illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 there is shown a body member ll formed generally as a block which is cut away at l2 to provide a receiving part for the neck of a bottle to be broken. In positioning the crusher for use, a wall 13 formed in the cut-away section I2 is placed on the upper end of the bottle neck designated generally by the numeral l5 and in this position a support block I6 contacts the bottle neck on one side. Y

Block I6 is formed with an inner cylindrical wall H which merges at its terminal ends in walls or projections l8. These projections directly engage the bottle neck l5 and center it against the wall l3. The block l6 is'secured to is rounded off in a nose I03, this ing or breaking lug 13 which is formed with a tapered front or striking face 14.

At the time the bottle is placed in position for breaking the lug I3 is inside of the bottle neck, being held in its non-operated position against a retaining plate 15 which is set into the upper surface of. the body BI and is secured at 16 to the under surface of the block 65. A spring 11 is preferably mounted on the bar H and is located outside of the crusher body, being confined between washers 18 which are also mounted on the bar. The outer washer bears against a pin 19 carried in the bar.

In this initial bottle receiving position of the device, that is, with the projection lug 13 of the bar ll against the plate I5, the spring 11 is in its limited expanded position holding the sliding bar II out or toward the right.

' The breaking of the bottle and the forming of a fracture 35 within the bottle neck is effected by striking the outer end of the bar 1| with any suitable device as by a hammer block 8|. This creates a crushing force or impact which is applied outwardly against the confined parts of the bottle neck supported exterio-rly by the support block 68 and under striking force of the lug I3. For convenience the hammer block may be connected with the device by a flexible chain 82.

A retaining chamber is formed in the base of the body member 6| and at the top this chamber communicates with a vertical bore 86 formed in the body, the lug 13 and the front end of the bar 1| having movement within this opening. In the crushing action broken bits of glass 81, which are broken out of the fracture 35 in the bottle wall, fall through the opening 86 and drop into the chamber 85. A sliding door 88 may be usedto effect a closure for this chamber, this door preferably having sliding movement within suitable guideways 89 formed in a recessed bottom of the body 6|.

The chamber 85 is adequate to collect and retain the broken bits of glass from several bottles and thus acts as a reservoir so that the broken glass pieces are retained in the chamber. To empty the chamber it is merely necessary to withdraw the slide 88 (Fig. 5 showing an intermediate step in the withdrawing action) and the bottom of the chamber is opened for the discharge of the broken bits. In this form of crusher all glass is caught and there will not be any flying glass hazard.

In the modified form illustrated in Fig. 6 the bottle crusher is similar in general principle to a pair of pliers. Pivotal handle parts 9|, 92 are associated for pivotal movement relative to each other. A pivot bolt 93 passes loosely through the wall of the member 9| and engages within the member 92 for this purpose. The part 9-2 is formed with a bottle neck enclosing section or" body 95 which preferably extends down in a depending skirt 96 inside of which is a bottle neck receiving chamber 91.

The chamber is open at the bottom and along one side, the skirt 96 extending back into projecting spaced walls 98 adjacent the open side. A central post 99 is preferably carried in the body 95 and a projecting end |0| extends down into the top part of the chamber 91. The post 99 constitutes the stationary element or crushing lug of the device. The forward end of the handle member 9| below its pivot-connection 93 is formed in a curved section I92 the terminal edgeof which constituting the movable crushing element.

and during movement of In use this form of bottle crusher is placed over the bottle to be broken with the upper end of its neck within the chamber 91. The post IUI thereupon extends down inside of the neck. Squeezing of the handle parts 9|, 92 forces the rounded nose I93 to move into the wall of the bottle neck from the outside. The force exerted on the bottle at the nose is applied directly opposite to the supporting forces provided by the post end IN. A recess I04 is formed in this end of the post on the side facing the nose I93 so that there is provided a threepoint support (Fig. '7 on the engaged bottle neck for the crushing action. This three-point engagement effects a restricted breaking action by setting up breaking strains in the bottle neck which break the bottle wall and produce a fracture as shown at 35 in Fig. 4. The broken bits of glass are mostly forced into the interior of the bottle and the skirt 96 further acts as a shield to prevent any flying of the glass.

It is thought that the invention and many of its attendant advantages will be understood from the foregoing description, and it will be apparent that various changes may be made in the form, construction and arrangement of the parts without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention or sacrificing all of its material advantages, the form hereinbefore described being merely a preferred embodiment thereof.

1. claim:

-1. A bottle breaking device comprising a support for the outside rim of the neck of a bottle to be broken, a movable instrumentality associated with said support and disposed transversely of the bottle neck rim edge and means movable withsaid instrumentality and cooperating with said support and movable toward it and engageable inside of said bottle neck for forcing a part-of the confined neck wall outwardly to break the same.

2. A bottle breaking device, comprising a body member for engaging the rim edge of the neck of a bottle to be broken, a supporting wall carried by said body member for engaging the side wall of a restricted part of the bottle neck, a movable instrumentality slidably mounted in said body member, and a breaking member carried by said instrumentality and adapted for passage through the supported bottle part adjacent said supporting wall for breaking out a restricted rim portion thereof.

3. A bottle breaking device, comprising a body member adapted to be disposed over the open end of a bottle to be broken and engageable with the rim edge thereof, a supporting wall associated with said body member for engaging a restricted part of the bottle on a side thereof, an instrumentality movable relative to said supporting wall and transversely means applicable through said instrumentality the same to apply a breaking force against the bottle neck and at the engaged rim to break out a restricted portion thereof.

4. A bottle breaking device, comprising a body member for receiving the neck of a bottle to be of the bottle mouth, and

broken .and for holding the bottle inverted and v resting on its rim edge, a side support mounted on said body member and adapted to engage the side of the bottle neck, and breaking means movable transversely of the bottle neck while engaged with said support for applying a breaking force adjacent the supported parts of said neck to break out a restricted rim portionof the same, said body member having a receiving chamber which is in open communication with the bottle neck edge and into which the broken parts of said neck are collected as the same are removed by said breaking means.

5. A bottle breaking device, comprising a body member adapted to be placed on top of a bottle to be broken and in engagement with the rim edge of its neck, a supporting wall carried by said body member for engaging a restricted part of the side of the bottle neck, and a breaking member carried in said body member and movable transversely of the said bottle neck and toward said supporting wall to first press the engaged bottle part against said supporting wall and then to completely pass through the engaged part for breaking away a restricted rim portion only of said neck and leaving a substantial part of the rim surrounding the bottle mouth.

6. A bottle breaking device, comprising a body member for engaging the rim edge of the neck of a bottle to be broken, a supporting wall carried by said body member for engaging a restricted part of the side wall of the bottle neck, a movable instrumentality slidably mounted in said body member and having a face movable across and in contact with the rim edge of said engaged bottle, a breaking member carried by said instrumentality and adapted for passage through the aoeegwe supported bottle neck part adjacent said sup porting wall when said sliding instrumentality is struck by a hammer unit flexibly secured to said body member, and means for returning said instrumentality into normal position after such a striking blow.

7. A bottle breaking device, comprising a body member for engaging the rim edge of the neck of a bottle to be broken, a supporting wall carried by said body member for engaging a restricted part of the side wall of the bottle neck, a movable instrumentality and insertable in said bottle neck slidably mounted in said body member, a breaking member carried by said instrumentality and adapted for breaking outwardly through the supported bottle neck part adjacent said supporting wall when said sliding instrumentality is moved under the impact of a hammer unit flexibly secured to said body member, means for returning said instrumentality into normal position after its movement, and a receiving chamber formed in said body member and having open communication with the bottle neck when engaged by said supporting wall for collecting the broken parts of said bottle which are removed by said breaking member.

JOHN M. YOUNG.

Patented July 21, 1936 UNITED STATES 2,048,479 LUBRICANT FOR FREE-WHEELING Elmer Wade Adams Hammond, Ind., Company, Chicago,

. Indiana and George Mervin assigfi lors to Standard Oil McNulty,

a corporation of No Drawing. Application February 3, 1933,

Serial No.

11 Claims This invention relates to a new lubricant and it pertains more particularly to a lubricant for use with free-wheel drives or free-wheel clutches and will be referred to hereinafter as a free-wheel lubricant.

For free-wheel clutches to operate successfully under all temperature conditions, great care must be exercised in the selection of the lubricant. It is essential to employ a lubricant having a low viscosity temperature coeflicient as indicated by a high viscosity index. If lubricants with low viscosity indices are used, the free-wheel clutch will not operate successfully'at low temperatures generally encountered during the winter months. The significance of the viscosity index is described in the Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, by Dean and Davis, volume 36, page 618, 1929.

The operation of free-wheeling devices is greatly influenced by the viscosity of the lubricant used therein because a slight change in viscosity of the oil will greatly affect the operation of said devices. As stated above, the oilsvused for lubrication in these free-wheeling devices must possess a low viscosity temperature coeflicient, that is, thechange in viscosity of the oil with temperature fluctuations must be a minimum. The inherent resistance of an oil to change in viscosity with temperature fluctuations can be expressed by the viscosity index of the oil. For example, the viscosity of Pennsylvania oils which are highly paraflinic, sufiers relatively small changes at different seasonal temperatures and consequently the viscosity indices of such oils are high. By definition, oils of this type have been assigned a viscosity index of 100. On the other hand, the viscosity of Mid-Continent oils, which are highly naphthenic, undergoes a greater changeat different seasonal temperatures and consequently the viscosity indicesof Mid-Continent oils are relatively low, ranging from about 40 to '70. This range of viscosity indices is characteristic of the mixed base oils. Coastal oils have viscosity indices of about zero and certain California oils have lower viscosity indices.

The pour point of the lubricant used in freewheeling devices must be low enough so that the clutch will not become inoperative during the winter months. At low temperatures some oils .used for free-wheeling tend to solidify and become very viscous. Such an oil will not permit the clutch to operate as designed and cause grabbing and slipping of the clutch. At the same time, the heavy bearing loads carried by the moving parts of these devices require the use of a fairly heavy lubricant under ordinary conditions.

ranging from 50 making it undesirable to obtain cold weather fluidity by selecting a light oil.

The object of our invention is to provide a lubricating oil compounded from mixed base oils or Pennsylvania oils, which are suitable for use in free wheeling devices, and which have a high viscosity index.

Another object is to provide such oils from mixed base lubricating distillates.

A further object of our invention is to provide lubricating oils suitable for use in free wheeling devices and which have low pour points.

We have found that a composition comprising a mineral oil, and sulfurized cottonseed oil can be successfully used in free wheeling clutches and related devices wherein oils of high viscosity indices and low pour points are needed. These lubricants are prepared by blending from 10 to 15 parts of sulfurized cottonseed oil with about 90 to 85 parts ofamixed base oil to give a resulting composition containing from 0.5 to 3% of sulfur. However, the preferred total sulfur content of the composition should be from 1 to 2%. The viscosity of the mixed base oils used in preparing our free wheeling lubricant may vary considerably depending on whether-a light, medium or heavy type of oil is desired. Generally the viscosity of the base oil lies above 200 seconds Say- .bolt at F. Other sulfurized vegetable oils of substantially the same chemical composition as sulfurized cottonseed oil may also be used.

The sulfurized cotton seed oil is prepared by adding 11 to 25% of sulfur to the cottonseed oil and heating the mixture at a temperature ranging from 300 to 400 F. for 15 to 20 hours... For example, sulfurized cottonseed oil herein described was prepared by adding 12% of sulfur to cottonseed oil and heating the mixture at a temperature of about 340-360 F. for 18 to 20 hours. The oil may then be filtered or passed through a fine mesh screen. content of 8.5% and a pour point of about plus 40" F. The sulfur content of the sulfurized cottonseed oil may suitably range from 5 to 15% and, if desired, 100% sulfurized cottonseed oil may be used.

The resulting product had a sulfur Our new lubricating oil is prepared by dissolving the sulfurized cottonseed oil in a mineral oil having a sufficiently high viscosity index to give a blend of the desired properties. We prefer to use a mixed base oil having a viscosity index to 80.but other oils may be used, such as Coastal oils and Pennsylvania oils which have lower and higher viscosity indices, respectively. The suliurized cottonseed oil may be added to the oil in varying proportions, however. we have found that a total sulfur content of about 1 to 3% is satisfactory for most purposes. Larger percentages of sulfur may be present in the final composition if corrosion is not a factor to be considered in the use of the oil. Generally about 11 to 25 parts'of the above sulfurized cottonseed oil, containing 8.5% of'sulfur, is mixed with to 100 'parts of the mixedbase oil.

In order to illustrate the unique properties of our new composition, we have compared it with a blend of sulfurized lard oil and mixed base lubricating oil. The following tables disclose the properties of the sulfurized cottonseed oil and sulfurized lard oil, and also the properties of the blends of these sulfurized oils withmineral oils:

Table I invention except insofar as included in the appended claims.

We claim:

1. A freewheel lubricant consisting of a blend of a mixed base oil and sulfurized cottonseed oil, the sulfur content of said lubricant ranging from 0.5 to 3%.

2. A free-wheel lubricant having a viscosity index greater than 100 which consists of a blend of a mixed base mineral oil and sulfurized cotf g gg ggg ig g f tonseed oil, the sulfur content of said lubricant not exceeding 3%. v t W100 422 F0 3. A free-wheel lubricant having a. viscosity 115 m,? St 130 F3: 2102 Z index ranging from 100 to 116 and a pour point below- 0 F. which consists of a blend of a mixed Acidit .KOH 6.80 35.00 flulfuri f "e f.-- 8.51 c.51 base mineral oil having a Saybolt viscosity above 200 at 100 F. and sulfurized cottonseed oil. Table II Viscosity Properties of the, l1blend or li'ee Parts used index of the wheel u cant Examples g gg gg miflekl'fll oil V15. at Pour Viscosity blend blending 100 F. point index A sulfurized cottonseed oil; l1 as 215 -10" F. 110 sulfurized lard n 14 55 213 0 F. 92 B sulfurized cottonseed oil. 11 72 980 -a F.

Sulfurizedlard oil 14 72 853 +10 0 sulfurized cottonseed oiL. 11 67 2000 +20 103 sulfurized lard oil 14 67 2522 +30 87 From the above data it will be observed that both compositions contain enough of the sulfurized animal or vegetableoil to give a, total sulfur content of 1%. The compositions containing sulfurized cottonseed oil have a lower pour point than the compositions containing the sulfurized lard oil, also the former have a higher viscosity index that the latter. In Example A y it will be noted that the composition containing sulfurized cottonseed oil has a pour point of -10 F. and a viscosity index of 116, whereas the composition containing sulfurized lard oil has a pour point of 0 F. and viscosity index of 92.

The sulfurized cottonseed oil is particularly suitable for making lubricants for free-wheeling devices, because it greatly increases the viscosity index of the base stock. In Example A of Table II it will be observed that the viscosity index of the base stock was 55, whereas the blend has a Viscosity index of 116. In other words, the sulfurized cottonseed oils tend to prevent the oils from changing in viscosity at different temperatures. It will also be observed that the free wheeling lubricant described in Example A has a higher viscosity index than Pennsylvania oils.

The sulfurized cottonseed oil blends have proven to be very successful for lubricating freewheeling devices wherein great operating stresses are applied to a sensitive mechanism.

With some lubricants itis necessary to drive a car for five or ten minutes with the free-wheel 4. A free-wheel lubricant which consists of a blend of a mixed base mineral oil having a viscosity above 200 seconds Saybolt at 100 F and sulfurized cottonseed oil, the sulfur content of said lubricant'not exceeding 3%.

5. A-free-wheel lubricant having a viscosity index above 100 which consists of from to parts of a mixed base mineral'oil and from 10 to 15 parts of sulfurized cottonseed oil.

6. A free-wheel lubricant having a viscosity index above and a pour point below 0 F. which consists of a blend of a mineral oil and sulfurized cottonseed oil, the total sulfur content of the lubricant ranging from 0.5 to 3%.

7. A free-wheel lubricant having a viscosity index above 100 and a pour point below 0 F. which comprises'substantially entirely a blend of a mixed base oil having a Saybolt viscosity above 200 at 100 F. and a viscosity index below 100, and sulfurized cottonseed oil, the total sulfur content ofvthe lubricant not exceeding 3%.

8. A free-wheel lubricant having a viscosity index above 100 and a, pour point below 0 F. which consists of a blend of amineral oil having a viscosity between 215 and 980 seconds Saybolt at 100 sulfur content of the lubricant ranging from 0.5 to 3%.

9. The method of preparing a free-wheel lubricant having a viscosity index above 100 and a pour point below 0 F. which comprises blending 85 to 90 parts of a mineral oil having a F. and sulfurized cottonseed oil, the total. 

